Glossary of Lisp Compiler Functions

				MACROS


	DFUNC defines an EXPR.

	FLUSHDEF prints a definition.

	GETPROP behaves like GET.

	IFIF is the logical "if and only if".

	INCR is used to increment the compiler's count.

	MAPDEF does lots of defprops in one compact expression.

	MCONS is cons of several things.

	OUTINST outputs an instruction by calling OUTSTAT.

	OUTPSOP outputs a pseudo-op by calling OUTSTAT.

	OUTTAG outpust a tag by calling OUTSTAT.

	PDLDEPTH  gives  the current number of items on the push down
list.

	Q is short for quote.

	TAGP asks if an expression is a tag.

	USERWARN prints a message warning the user  of  a  potentally
dangerous condition in his code.

	The  property list manipulating functions operate primarly on
tails of the property lists of atoms.  The functions  which  fetch  a
property  return  the  tail  of the property list, beginning with the
property name.  The word property below will refer to such a tail.

	FIRSTPROP gets the first property from the property  list  of
an identifier, ie. the whole property list.

	LASTPROP  asks if a property is the last on the property list
of an atom.

	NEXTPROP gets the next property after the one it  is  givenas
an argument.

	PROPNAM  takes a property as an argument and returns the name
of the property.

	PROPTABLE takes an identifier as  argument  and  returns  the
property list.

	PROPVAL  takes  a  property and returns the value part of the
property.

	DELETEPROP takes  an  identifier  and  a  property  name  and
removes the property with that name from the identifier.

	HASPROP is a predicate which asks is an atom has a property.

	INITPROP plases a property on a property list, whether or not
there is one there.

	SEEKPROP looks for a property name on the property list of an
atom.

	SETPROP  takes an identifier, a property name and a value and
sets that property to the value.


				TOP LEVEL

	ACTONEXPR decides the action to be taken on each expression in 
a file being compiled.

	ACTONMACRO expands macros at the top level in a file being compiled.

	CMP is for debugging.  It takes as argument either a single function
name or a function definition in the same format as DFUNC.

	COMPDEF handles the compilation of a DEFPROP.

	COMPFILE compiles a file.

	COMPFUNC manages the compilation of a function definition.

	COMPILE takes a list of function names and compiles their
definitions.

	COMPILEFUN does most of the work for COMPILE and CMP.

	COMPL compiles a list of files, by calling COMPFILE on each.

	COMPREADS is a read and compile loop.

	CURFILE gives the name of the file currently being compiled for use
in error messages.

	CURFUN gives the name of the function currently being compiled for
use in error messages.

	DECLARE is a function know to the compiler, which if encountered
at the top level of a file during compilation evaluates each of its
arguments.

	DEFEXPR manages the compilation of a DEFPROP of an EXPR.

	DEFFEXPR manages the compilation of a DEFPROP of an FEXPR.

	DEFMACRO manages the compilation of a DEFPROP of a MACRO

	DO*EXPR operates on a DEFPROP of a *EXPR.

	DO*FEXPR operates on a DEFPROP of a *FEXPR.

	DOACT dispatches the compilation of a function found at the
top level in a file which has a COMPACTION property indicating it is
to get special treatment.

	DODE operates on a DE to compile the defined function.

	DODF operates on a DF to compile the defined function.

	DODM operates on a DM to define the macro.

	DOFILE applies a functional argument to each expression in a file.

	FLUSHEXPR prints out an expression on which no other action has
been taken.

	FLUSHLAP prints out LAP definitions in files being compiled.

	MAKDEF produces a DEFPROP expression from its arguments to hand to
COMPDEF.

	MAPPUT puts a property onto a list of atoms.

	PRINTMSG prints a message on the listing device for error messages
and warnings.

	READLOOP reads and applies a functional argument to each
 expression read.

	SPECIAL is known to the compiler, and when seen at the top level
of a file being compiled declares each of its arguments to be a special
variable.

	TELLTALE plows through data left after the compilation of a file
and reports various information.

	TYPEFN types out a function name on  the listing defivice to 
show that the compilation of a function has been completed.

	UNSPECIAL behaves in a way complementary to SPECIAL and removes
the special declarations from its arguments.

	CINIT initializes the compiler.  It does an excise and sets
the INITFN to CSTART.

	CSTART attemts to read initializatin files from the disk and then
prints a message saying that the compiler has started.


				PASS1

	The process of  the  first  pass  of  the  compiler  will  be
referred  to  expansion.  It is a process of putting expressions into
normal form, and recording information in tables for the use  of  the
second pass.  Expressions are usually expanded by first expanding the
arguments then massageing the whole.  Each expressin must be expanded
in  accordance with the context in which it appears.    An expression
which appers as an argument to a CONS must be expanded  in  light  of
the  fact  that  it  is  to  be evaluated.   If on the other hand, it
appears as an argument to a QUOTE, it must be left alone.   The first
case  will  be called expansion in evaluated contest or expansion for
evaluation.  The latter will be called expansion in  quoted  context.
In  one or two contexts, ie.   PROGs, things are more complicated and
atoms must be treated differently from all other expressions.
	Tables are kept for both the local and the special variables.
When a variable is either bound or referenced, it  is  added  to  the
appropriate table.
	Throughout the first pass  a  count(P1CNT)  is  kept  of  all
references  to all variables.  For each local variable a note is made
of the count, each time it  is  seen.   This  noted  counts  will  be
referred to as the last appearance of the variable.
	In addition to the usual function properties  of  atoms,  the
compiler  adds  some  for its own use.  The properties *SUBR, *FUSBR,
and *LSUBR indicate functions know to be of the  times  SUBR,  FSUBR,
and LSUBR by the compler, but whose definitions are not present.  The
property *UNDEF indicates a function believed to be a SUBR but as yet
undefined.  The property FUNVAR indicates a functional variable which
must not be mistaken for an ordinary function name.

	DOP1 applies specfic routines to expressions whose CARs  have
the P1 property, which indicates that they get special treatment.

	GENFUN takes a piece of code, wraps it up as a function of no
arguments, gives it a generated name, and compiles it.

	MAPP1 applies  the  first  pass  expansion  process  to  each
element of a list.

	P1 is the central function of the first pass of the compiler.
It examines the property lists of the  CARs  of  the  expressions  it
processes, and acts accordingly in giving their expansion to suitable
more specialized functions.

	P1ANDOR expands ANDs and ORs.     Aside  from  expanding  the
arguments,  It uses P1BUG to raise the last appearance number of each
variable to the highest count seen during the AND or OR.

	P1BIND operates on a list of  variables  to  be  bound  by  a
lambda  or  prog.     After  checking  for  various  errors,  it adds
information about them to various lists.

	P1BUG raises the "last count at which seen" of variables seen
after  a  certain  point  to  some  larger  value.     This occurs in
circomstances, like PROG, where order of evaluation of expressions is
varible.

	P1COND  expands  COND  expressions.     This  is in many ways
similar to the process for ANDs and ORs but expansion must be  mapped
over each of the tuples.

	P1CONS expands CONSes.  This function will try to turn a CONS
to an NCONS.

	P1ELSE  handles  all  functions  not  already  known  to  the
compiler,  by  supposing  that  they are as yet undefined EXPRs.  The
*UNDEF property is put on their property lists and they are added  to
the list of undefined functons.


	P1ERRSET compiles the argument of the ERRSET using GENFUN and
changes the expression to refer to a call on this new function.

	P1EVAL expands an EVAL, attempting to make it a *EVAL.

	P1FUNCTION  compiles  the  argument  of  a FUNCTION statement
using GENFUN, and modifies the call to refer to this new function.

	P1*FUNCTION behaves about the same as P1FUNCTION.

	P1GO checks to see that the GO is really in a PROG,  then  if
the argument is not atomic it expands it in the usual way.

	P1LABEL  turns  the  label statement into a PROG in which the
function is bound as a prog variable.

	P1PROG first binds the PROG variables, then prepares  a  list
of  generated  tags  to  be  used  in the LAP code.   Finally it goes
through exppanding each expression according to whether it is an atom
or  not.  Atoms are left alone, while other expressions are processed
in evaluation context.

	P1RETURN expands the argument of the return  for  evaluation,
after checking to be sure the return is inside a PROG.

	P1SETQ expands its arguments differently. The second argument
of the SETQ is expanded for  evaluation  while  the  first,  being  a
variable, is simply checked against the tables.

	P1STORE is expanded specially. Its arguments are expanded for
evaluation in reverse order.

	P1SUBRARGS expands each element  in  a  list,  checking  that
there not too many for the argument accumulors.

	PASS1  sets  up  all of the various tables which are used for
the first pass to record its results, binds the variables,  calls  P1
etc.

	PASS1FSUBR expands a call to an FSUBR.  It simply returns the
expression unchanged.

	PASS1FUNVAR expands both the function part and the arguments.

	PASS1LSUBR expands each of the arguments without checking  on
their number.

	PASS1LAMDA expands the arguments,  binds  the  variables  and
finally  expands  the body of an internal LAMBDA, after checking that
the lambda expression has been given the correct number of arguments.

	PASS1MACRO expands an appeal to a macro by applying the macro
definition to the entire expression and then expanding the result.

	PASS1SUBR expands each of the arguments, checking that  there
are no more arguments than available argument accumulators.

	PASS1UNDEF  expands the expression like PASS1SUBR and adds it
to the list of undefined functions.

	SPECIALP is a predicate asking if an identifier is a  special
variable.

	VARB  processes  a  variable, asking whether it has been seen
before and in what context.

	VARIABLEP asks if an expression is a legitimate variable, ie.
an identifier and not a resurved constant.

			INTERNAL MACROS

	Several functions are logically treated as macros, though for
reasons of speed it is desirable  to  have  their  macro  definitions
compiled,  an  option  not  offered  in  the basic Lisp system.   The
compiler therefore makes use of its own extensibility to add the  new
function  type INMACRO.  The several INMACRO definitions which follow
are therefor compiled.
	It should be emphasized that in so doing the compiler is only
mmaking use of compiler facilities of which any  user  program  might
have availed itself.
	The INMACROs are  APPEND,  LIST,  NOT  and  ZEROP.      Their
definitions  are  precisely  those  which  would  be  used  to define
ordinary macros to preform those functions.

	PASS1INMACRO is the function which expands INMACROS rather as
PASS1MACRO expands macros.


				PASS2

	ACEFFECTS Takes a function name as  argument  and  returns  a
mask  indicating  which accumulators are damaged by the a call to the
functon.

	ACNUMP is a predicate which indicates if a number is used  to
represent an accumualtor.

	BINDARGS  takes  a  list of arguments to a function and makes
entries in the  ACS  list  to  show  which  arguments  are  in  which
accumulators.

	BOOLAND  carries  out  the  compilatin  of an AND, by calling
BOOLARGS.

	BOOLARGS is the principal function used to compile  booleans.
It  takes  as agruments a list of expressions to be anded or ored and
compiles them interspersed with appropriate jumps and tags.

	BOOLEQ compiles an EQ for value or boolean test, by compiling
the arguments for value and generating a compare instruction. Several
cases arise, depending on whether the arguments are already available
as variables or are compiled to give temporary results.  At least one
of the arguments must be in an accumulator, and, before the  comparte
instruction  is  generated  the stack must be restored in preparation
for any jump which follows.

	BOOLEXPR finds  and  employs  the  appropriate  function  for
compileing a given boolean.


	BOOLNULL  compiles the function NULL, by simply reversing the
test conditions.

	BOOLOR compiles OR by  setting  up  an  appropriate  call  to
BOOLARGS.

	BOOLVALUE  generates a T or NIL in a given accumualtor from a
jump to a tag, by making the fall through give a nil and  arrival  at
the tag give a T.

	The  process of compiling a function call, with little regard
for the function's type, can be divided into four parts.   First  the
arguments  must  be  compiled.   Second, they must be loaded into the
correct places.  Third, any valuable data  which  are  in  vulnerable
places  must  be  moved  to  safe  loacations.    Last,  the  calling
instruction can be output and the results marked in the storage map.

	CALLFSUBR generates  a  call  to  an  FSUBR  by  placing  the
appropriatly  quoted  argument  string  in  accumulator one, cleaning
valuable items out of the accumulators,  generating  a  call  to  the
function and marking accumulator one as containing the result.

	CALLFUNARGS generates a call to a calculated function.  First
the function is calculated,  then  the  arguments  are  compiled  and
loaded into the accumulators.  	Once   this   has   been   done,  the
function, which has been preserved through these events, is called in
the usual way.

	CALLLSUBR  This  process differs slightly from the others, in
that, as the arguments go on the stack, each argument is loaded right
after  it  is  compiled.  All  valuable data in the accunulators must
therefore be saved before  this  process  is  begun.   Once  this  is
completed, the calling and marking are done as usual.


	CALLSUBR  This  is  the  fundamental function call operation.
First, the arguments are compiled, without being loaded into specific
locations.   These  results are marked as valuable by being placed on
the LDLST, and the values of earlier arguments are preserved  through
the  compilation of later ones.  This is designed to save pushing and
popping where possible.  After the arguments have been compiled, they
are  loaded,  in  inverse  order,  into the appropriate accumulators.
Next, a cleanup is done, in which  valuable  data  remaining  in  the
accumulators  are  pushed  along  with  the  values  of  any  special
variables whose current values will be needed later.

	The various functions whose names begin with CLEAR or CLR all
are concerned with setting things to rigths in prepation for possible
hazards.  In general this means that partial results will be computed
and  saved  in  preparation  for the destruction of the data on which
they depend.  Some of these functions are simply ad hoc  combinations
of others.

	CLEAR1  runs  together the functions of CLRCCLST, SAVEACS and
CLRPVARS.

	CLEARBOTH runs together CLRCCLST and CLRSPECS.

	CLEARAC pushes the contents of an accumulator and marks it as
empty in the map.

	CLEARITALL runs together CLEARBOTH and CLEARACS.

	CLEARACS  pushes  all  valuable  items in the accumuators and
marks them as empty in the map.


	CLRCCLST computes the values of items waiting  to  be  loaded
which  are  known  to  be  cars or cdrs of other things.  This may be
necessary as a distinct operation to making copies  of  the  original
items  since  RPLACA  and  RPLACD  operations may destroy the objects
pointed to.

	CLRLOCS pushes copies of any local variables  waiting  to  be
loaded as function arguments.  This is done prior to branching, since
different assignments might be made  to  the  variable  on  different
branches.

	CLRPVARS  initializes  the  PROG variables by pushing NILs on
the stack.

	CLRSPECS pushes copies of any special variables waiting to be
loaded  as function arguments.  This is necessary whenever a function
is call whose effects on special variables are not known.

	CLRSPVAR pushes a copy of one special variable, if a copy  is
not already in the accumuulators or on the stack.


	COMPARGS  compiles  a  list  of  function  arguments  without
loading them.

	COMPEXPR  compiles  a  form  in  expression  context, ie. for
value.

	COMPPRED compiles a form in  predicate  context,  ie.  to  be
tested for effect on the flow of control.


	COMPFORM  is  the  central routine of the compiler.  It is in
charge of the compilation of all forms to be evaluated.

	COMPSTAT compiles  a  form  in  statement  context,  ie.  for
neither  value  nor  effect on the flow of control, but only for side
effects on variables or list structure.

	COPT	attempts to optimize the computation of a car or  cdr
by looking to see if the result is already known.

	CPUSH  guarantees  that  a  copy of a valuable item is on the
stack.  It first checks to see if the item is valuable, if not it  is
ignored.   Next, a check is made to see if the item is already on the
stack.  Third, CPUSH will look for a suitable place on the stack into
which  to  move the item.  As a last resort, it will push a copy onto
the end of the stack.

	CSFUN is called by CLRCCLST to compile those  cars  and  cars
and cdrs whose values are not already available.

	CSTEP  expands  a  car-cdr  chain, using COPT at each step to
determin if the sub-results are already present.

	DOP2BOOL manages the computation of a boolean  expression  in
any  context,  first compiling it as a boolean for effects on control
and then generating code to produce a value, if necessary.

	DOP2ELSE manages the compilation of those functions which may
do one thing in predicate context and another in value context.


	DOP2VAL  manages the compilation of functions which primarily
produce values.

	DVP is a predicate which decides if an item is valuable.

	EQUIVTAG gives the lap tag corresponding to a prog tag.

	EXITBUM generates the code for a functin exit, trying to  end
with a jump instead of a call if possible.

	FREEAC  finds  a  free  accumulator  when one is needed for a
partial result. This function will forcefully clear an accumulator if
it must.

	FREEAC1  does  the  work  for  freeac.  Its  arguments is the
preferred accumulator.

	FINDFREEAC will find a free accumulator if there is one,  but
will not forcefully clear one.

	FREEZE  removes  from  the  storage map any references to the
current value of a variable , and replaces them  with  reverences  to
the value at the time of the freeze.

	FREEZE1 is a subsidiary to freeze which acts on an individual
piece of the storage map.

	GENCONST generates the Lap notation of a constant or  literal
word to be used in the address field of an instruction.


	GETSLOT  takes  as  argument  an  number indicating a storage
loaction in the  accumulators  or  on  the  stack,  and  returns  the
appropriate piece of the map.

	ILOC  is a functions which returns the location of an item if
it is present in memory, or  returns  a  NIL  is  the  item  must  be
computed.

	ILOC1 locates a item if possible, computing it if necessary.

	LISTNILS  generates  a  list  of  NILs to intitialize the ACS
list.

	LOADARG loads an item into an accumulator.

	LOADCARCDR generates code to calculate a car or cdr.

	LOADCOMP compiles a form and loads the result.

	LOADSUBRARGS loads a  list  of  items  into  the  appropriate
accumulators to be arguments of a subr.

	LOC uses ILOC1 to locate an item.

	MARKVAL  generates  an  item  name, for a computed result and
enters it in the storage map in the  appropriate  place.   This  item
name is also entered on the LDLST, if necessary, to protect it.

	NONSPECVARS  extracts from a list of variables the ones which
are not special.


	OUT1

OUTCALL

OUTCALLF

OUTCJMP

OUTENDTAG

OUTFUNCALL

OUTGOTAB

OUTJCALL

OUTJMP

OUTJRST

OUTMOVE

OUTMOVEM

OUTPOP

OUTPUSH

OUTPUTSTAT

OUTSTAT

P2*EVAL

P2ARG

P2CARCDR

P2COND

P2COND1

P2GO

P2PROG

P2PROG2

P2PROGN

P2QUOTE

P2RETURN

P2RPLAC

P2SETARG

P2SETQ

P2STORE

PASS2

PASS2LAMBDA

PROGTAG

PROTECTACS

PUTINAC

REMOVE

RESTORE

RSLSET

RST

SAVEACS

SETSLOT

SHRINKPDL

SIDEEFFECTS

SLOTCONT

SLOTLIST

SLOTPOP

SLOTPUSH

SPECBIND

SPECVARP

TESTJUMP

TRANSOUT

USEDTAGP

CMPBREAK

COMPERR

EVALREAD

LAPNOTES

USERERR

ATMARGIN

CARRETN

CURCOL

FORMF

LINEF

PRINL

PRINS

PRINTEXPR

PRINTN

PRINTSTAT

TABTO

ADDTOLIST

ASSOCR

CONSTANTP

COPY

DEINITSYM

FSUBRP

GETGET

LSUBRP

MAKESPECIAL

MAKESYM

MAKEUNSPECIAL

NEXTSYM

NTHCDR

PROGN

STARTSYM

STOPSYM

SUBRP

TOPCOPY